What is the optimal cut-off threshold in self-home blood pressure measurement?: A cohort study according to STROBE statement.

Two aspects arise concerning the use of self-measured blood pressure monitoring to diagnose white-coat hypertension (WCH): the presence of target organ damage (TOD) and the normal cut-off threshold. This study aims to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of WCH according to different self-measured blood pressure normal cut-off thresholds and the influence of TOD at baseline.In all, 678 patients were followed for 6.2 years; 223 normotensive patients, 271 patients with sustained hypertension (HT), and 184 with WCH. TOD was defined as: left ventricular hypertrophy according to ECG, albuminuria, or low estimated glomerular filtration rate. The risk for different cutting points of self-measured blood pressure (<135/85 mm Hg, <130/85 mm Hg, and <130/80 mm Hg) has been determined.The patients with HT experienced an increase in cardiovascular risk and death higher than the normotensive patients (odds ratio [OR] 7.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8-16.2 for sustained HT; and OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6-7.4 for WCH). This was observed for all the cut-off thresholds analyzed. In white-coat hypertensive patients (cut-off <135/85 mm Hg) with TOD, the risk was higher than in normotensive patients (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.9-10.6). Using a self-monitoring blood pressure cut-off threshold of <130/80 mm Hg without TOD at baseline, the WCH cases exhibited no differences in risk to the normotensive patients (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.5-7.7).The decisions being taken for patients with WCH based on the presence of TOD and a self-administered home monitoring blood pressure measurement cut-off point probably lower than the one that is currently recommended.

Effect of effervescent paracetamol on blood pressure: a crossover randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of effervescent paracetamol on office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) compared with noneffervescent paracetamol in hypertensive patients. DESIGN: This was a multicenter open crossover randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Primary care centers in Catalonia and the Basque Country. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion criteria were office BP 150/95 mmHg or less and daytime ambulatory BP 140/90 mmHg or less, stable pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic antihypertensive treatment, and concomitant chronic osteoarticular pain. INTERVENTIONS: Baseline randomized assignment to 3-week periods of effervescent paracetamol (1 g three times a day) first and noneffervescent paracetamol later, or inversely, during a 7-week study period. At the start and end of each treatment period, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in 24-h SBP between baseline and end of both treatment periods. The main analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: In intention-to-treat analysis, 46 patients were analyzed, 21 were treated with paracetamol effervescent and noneffervescent later, and 25 followed the opposite sequence. The difference in 24-h SBP between the two treatments was 3.99 mmHg (95% confidence interval 1.35-6.63; P = 0.004), higher in the effervescent paracetamol treatment period. Similarly, the per-protocol analysis showed a difference in 24-h SBP between the two groups of 5.04 mmHg (95% confidence interval 1.80-8.28; P = 0.004), higher in the effervescent paracetamol treatment period. Self-reported pain levels did not differ between groups and did not vary by treatment period. No serious adverse events were reported in either study arm. CONCLUSION: Effervescent paracetamol tablets are responsible for a significant daytime and overall increase in ambulatory 24-h SBP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT: 02514538 EudraCT: 2010-023485-53.

Evolution of target organ damage by different values of self-blood pressure measurement in untreated hypertensive patients.

BACKGROUND: To determine the prognostic value of various self-blood pressure (BP) monitoring (SBPM) cutoff at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: Cohort of 466 newly diagnosed and never-treated hypertensive patients. At baseline and at 1 year, the patients underwent a physical examination, clinic BP (CBP), SBPM, and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), fasting blood and urine analysis, electrocardiogram (ECG), and retinography. The diagnosis of hypertension was made based on CBP average of two readings, separated by 2 min, taken over three different days, with results ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. At 1-year follow-up, target organ damage (TOD) evolution was classified as favorable or unfavorable. RESULTS: Mean age was 57.4 years, 56.8% were men. Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that hypertensive patients with baseline SBPM <135/85 mm Hg had a more favorable evolution of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (odds ratio (OR): 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-2.5), high urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 3.4-14.4), and more favorable amount of TOD evolution (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4-2.0) than those with baseline SBPM ≥ 135/85 mm Hg. Patients with baseline SBPM <130/80 mm Hg, or <125/80 mm Hg had a more favorable evolution of the amount of TOD (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 2.0-3.6, and OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 2.1-4.1, respectively) at 1 year than those with baseline SBPM <135/85 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline SBPM values <130/80 mm Hg is associated with better evolution of amount of TOD than SBPM values <135/85 mm Hg. These results would support a clinical trial to test a SBPM threshold <130/80 as an optimal pressure not needing pharmacological treatment among those with CBP ≥ 140/90.

Indicadores de hipertensión de bata blanca diagnosticada mediante automedida de la presión arterial domiciliaria / White-coat hypertension indicators diagnosed through self-measurement of blood pressure at home

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[Home blood pressure self-monitoring. Influence of the mean calculation used on the diagnosis of white-coat hypertension]. / Automedida de la presión arterial domiciliaria. Influencia del sistema de cálculo de la media en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión de bata blanca.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the variations in the diagnosis performance of home blood pressure self-monitoring (hBPSM) with different methods for mean calculation, in order to diagnose white-coat hypertension (WCH). DESIGN: Multi-centre, descriptive, and comparative study to assess the diagnosis performance of a test method. SETTING: Four primary health care centres. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 157 recently-diagnosed, untreated patients with mild-moderate hypertension took part in the study. METHODS: The results obtained with hBPSM (3 consecutive days with readings in triplicate, morning-night) were compared with a "gold standard" out-patient blood pressure reading (OutBP). RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic BP values of the first day and first reading (morning-night) were higher than the remaining days and readings (linear trend P< .001). Results in hBPSM diagnostic performance using all readings to calculate the mean were: sensitivity (S), 47.6%; specificity (Sp), 77.4%; positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), 58.8% and 68.6%, with positive and negative probability coefficients (PPC and NPC), 2.10 and 0.67. When readings with greater patient alarm reaction (first day and first reading, morning-night) were removed, greater values of S (61.9%) were obtained, albeit at expense of an excessive loss in Sp (64.5%) and without improvement in PPC (1.74). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of hBPSM in WCH was low and failed to improve with the use of different systems to calculate mean BP.

Automedida de la presión arterial domiciliaria. Influencia del sistema de cálculo de la media en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión de bata blanca / Home blood pressure self-monitoring. Influence of the mean calculation used on the diagnosis of white-coat hypertension

Objetivo. Describir las variaciones que se producen en el rendimiento de la automedida de la presión arterial domiciliaria (AMPAd) al emplear diferentes sistemas para calcular la media, en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB). Diseño. Estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo y comparativo para evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de una prueba. Emplazamiento. Cuatro centros de atención primaria. Participantes. Se seleccionó a 157 pacientes con hipertensión leve-moderada, recién diagnosticados y sin tratamiento farmacológico, que presentaron las 18 lecturas de AMPAd. Métodos. A cada paciente se le realizó una AMPAd (3 días consecutivos con lecturas por triplicado mañana-noche) y una monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA) empleado, como prueba de referencia. Resultados. Los valores de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica del primer día y de la primera lectura (mañana-noche) eran mayores que los restantes días y lecturas (tendencia lineal p < 0,001). Al emplear todas las lecturas para calcular la media los parámetros de rendimiento diagnóstico obtenidos fueron: sensibilidad (S) 47,6%, especificidad (E) 77,4%, valores predictivos positivo y negativo 58,8 y 68,6%, coeficientes de probabilidad positivo y negativo (CPP y CPN) 2,10 y 0,67, respectivamente. Al eliminar las lecturas con mayor reacción de alerta (primer día y primera lectura mañana-noche) se incrementaba la S (61,9%) a expensas de un descenso excesivo de la E (64,5%), sin que mejorara el CPP (1,74). Conclusiones. La AMPAd en el diagnóstico de la HBB obtiene un bajo rendimiento que no mejora con el empleo de diferentes sistemas para calcular la media de presión arterial

Objective. To describe the variations in the diagnosis performance of home blood pressure self-monitoring (hBPSM) with different methods for mean calculation, in order to diagnose white-coat hypertension (WCH). Design. Multi-centre, descriptive, and comparative study to assess the diagnosis performance of a test method. Setting. Four primary health care centres. Participants. A total of 157 recently-diagnosed, untreated patients with mild-moderate hypertension took part in the study. Methods. The results obtained with hBPSM (3 consecutive days with readings in triplicate, morning-night) were compared with a "gold standard" out-patient blood pressure reading (OutBP). Results. Systolic and diastolic BP values of the first day and first reading (morning-night) were higher than the remaining days and readings (linear trend P<.001). Results in hBPSM diagnostic performance using all readings to calculate the mean were: sensitivity (S), 47.6%; specificity (Sp), 77.4%; positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), 58.8% and 68.6%, with positive and negative probability coefficients (PPC and NPC), 2.10 and 0.67. When readings with greater patient alarm reaction (first day and first reading, morning-night) were removed, greater values of S (61.9%) were obtained, albeit at expense of an excessive loss in Sp (64.5%) and without improvement in PPC (1.74). Conclusions. The diagnostic performance of hBPSM in WCH was low and failed to improve with the use of different systems to calculate mean BP